Second NB/First-Second NB/First NB, Pittsburgh, PA (Charter 252)
Second National Bank/First-Second NB/First NB, Pittsburgh, PA (Chartered 1864 - Closed (Merger) 1996)
Town History
Pittsburgh is a city in the state of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Allegheny County. As of the 2020 census, the population was 302,971 living within the city limits making it the 68th-largest city in the U.S. and the second-most populous city in Pennsylvania, behind Philadelphia. The Pittsburgh metropolitan area is the anchor of Western Pennsylvania; its population of 2.37 million is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia, the second-largest in Pennsylvania, and the 27th-largest in the U.S.
Pittsburgh is located in the southwest of the state, at the confluence of the Allegheny River and the Monongahela River, forming the Ohio River. Pittsburgh is known both as "the Steel City" for its more than 300 steel-related businesses and as the "City of Bridges" for its 446 bridges. The city features 30 skyscrapers, two inclined railways, a pre-revolutionary war fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers. The city developed as a vital link of the Atlantic coast and Midwest.
Aside from steel, Pittsburgh has led in the manufacturing of other important materials — aluminum and glass — and in the petroleum industry. Additionally, it is a leader in computing, electronics, and the automotive industry. For part of the 20th century, Pittsburgh was behind only New York City and Chicago in corporate headquarters employment; it had the most U.S. stockholders per capita. Deindustrialization in the 1970s and 1980s laid off area blue-collar workers as steel and other heavy industries declined, and thousands of downtown white-collar workers also lost jobs when several Pittsburgh-based companies moved out. The population dropped from a peak of 675,000 in 1950 to 370,000 in 1990. However, this rich industrial history left the area with renowned museums, medical centers, parks, academic institutions, research centers, and a diverse cultural district.
After the deindustrialization of the mid-20th century, Pittsburgh has transformed into a hub for the health care, education, and technology. Pittsburgh is a leader in the health care sector as the home to large medical providers such as University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC). The area is home to 68 colleges and universities, including research and development leaders Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh. Google, Apple Inc., Bosch, Facebook, Uber, Nokia, Autodesk, Amazon, Microsoft and IBM are among 1,600 technology firms generating $20.7 billion in annual Pittsburgh payrolls. The area has served as the long-time federal agency headquarters for cyber defense, software engineering, robotics, energy research and the nuclear navy. The nation's fifth-largest bank, eight Fortune 500 companies, and six of the top 300 U.S. law firms make their global headquarters in the area, while RAND Corporation (RAND), BNY Mellon, Nova, FedEx, Bayer, and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) have regional bases that helped Pittsburgh become the sixth-best area for U.S. job growth.
Pittsburgh was named in 1758, by General John Forbes, in honor of British statesman William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham. Pittsburgh was incorporated as a borough on April 22, 1794. From 1891 to 1911, the city's name was federally recognized as "Pittsburg", though use of the final h was retained during this period by the city government and other local organizations including most, but not all national banks. After a public campaign, the federal decision to drop the h was reversed.
The North Side is home to various neighborhoods in transition. What is known today as Pittsburgh's North Side was once known as Allegheny City, and operated as a city independently of Pittsburgh until it was merged with Pittsburgh in 1907 under great protest from its citizens.
The South Side was once the site of the Pennsylvania Railroad rail yards and associated dense, inexpensive housing for mill and railroad workers. Since the late 20th century, the city undertook a Main Street program in cooperation with the National Trust for Historic Preservation, encouraging design and landscape improvements on East Carson Street, and supporting new retail. The area has become a local Pittsburgher destination. East Carson Street has developed as one of the most vibrant areas of the city, packed with diverse shopping, ethnic eateries, vibrant nightlife, and live music venues.
In 1993 the Urban Redevelopment Authority of Pittsburgh purchased the South Side Works steel mill property. It collaborated with the community and various developers to create a master plan for a mixed-use development, to include a riverfront park, office space, housing, health-care facilities, and indoor practice fields for the Pittsburgh Steelers and Pitt Panthers. Construction began in 1998. The South-Side Works has been open since 2005, featuring many stores, restaurants, offices, and the world headquarters for American Eagle Outfitters.
The East End of Pittsburgh is home to the University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University, Carlow University, Chatham University, The Carnegie Institute's Museums of Art and Natural History, Phipps Conservatory, and Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall. It is also home to many parks and public spaces including Mellon Park, Westinghouse Park, Schenley Park, Frick Park, The Frick Pittsburgh, Bakery Square, and the Pittsburgh Zoo and PPG Aquarium. The neighborhoods of Shadyside and Squirrel Hill are large, wealthy neighborhoods with some apartments and condos, and pedestrian-oriented shopping/business districts. Squirrel Hill is also known as the hub of Jewish life in Pittsburgh, home to approximately 20 synagogues. Oakland, heavily populated by undergraduate and graduate students, is home to most of the universities, and the Petersen Events Center. The Strip District to the west along the Allegheny River is an open-air marketplace by day and a clubbing destination by night. Bloomfield is Pittsburgh's Little Italy and is known for its Italian restaurants and grocers. Lawrenceville is a revitalizing rowhouse neighborhood popular with artists and designers. The Hill District was home to photographer Charles Harris as well as various African-American jazz clubs. Other East End neighborhoods include Point Breeze, Regent Square, Homewood, Lincoln-Lemington-Belmar, Larimer, East Hills, East Liberty, Polish Hill, Hazelwood, Garfield, Morningside, and Stanton Heights.
The West End includes Mt. Washington, with its famous view of the Downtown skyline and numerous other residential neighborhoods such as Sheraden and Elliott.
Pittsburgh had 47 National Banks chartered during the Bank Note Era, and 46 of those banks issued National Bank Notes. Pittsburgh also had several Obsolete Banks that issued Obsolete Bank Notes during the Obsolete Bank Note Era (1782-1866).
Bank History
- Chartered February 13, 1864
- 1: Succeeded Iron City Trust Company
- 1: Assumed 2745 (48) by consolidation Apr 19, 1913 and its circulation (First National Bank, Pittsburgh, PA)
- 2: Receivership July 7, 1913
- 2: Restored to solvency April 25, 1914
- 3: Absorbed 727 September 3, 1921 and its circulation (Peoples National Bank, Pittsburgh, PA)
- 3: Absorbed 776 July 24, 1931 (Second National Bank, Allegheny, PA)
- Bank was Open past 1935
- For Bank History after 1935 see FDIC Bank History website
- Merged into Midlantic Bank, NA in Newark, NJ, September 6, 1996
On February 25, 1863, the Comptroller of the Currency, Hugh McCulloch, authorized the Second National Bank of Pittsburgh to commence the business of banking. The bank was formerly the Iron City Trust Company located on the corner of Hand and Liberty Streets. The directors of the Second National Bank were Jacob Painter, Jake Hill, C.F. Klopfer, Wm. Cooper, Robt. Robinson, R. Bughman, W.M. Gormly. G.E. Warner was president and John E. Patterson was cashier. The capital was $300,000 with privileges to increase it to $1,000,000.
In 1867, the directors were G.E. Warner, Jake Hill, John Heath, Samuel Lewis, W.M. Gormly, Wm. Cooper, L. Heilbroner, Jacob Painter, and John D. Thompson. The officers were G.E. Warner, president; Jake Hill, vice president, Chas. H. Riggs, Cashier and R.J. Stoney, assistant cashier. The bank was located on the corner of Liberty and Hand Streets.
In January 1874, the directors elected were Jas. Laughlin, Wm. K. Nimick, Alexander Speer, Jacob Painter, John Wilson, Robert S. Hays, Thomas Wightman, Wm. H. Ewing, and James S. McCord.
In January 1886, directors elected were William Cooper, Franklin Osburn, G.E. Nieman, George H. Dauler, M.B. Suydam, William McConway, Levi Wade, George S. Head, and G.N. Hoffstot.
In March 1893, the Second National on Liberty Avenue and Ninth Street planned to put three more fire-proof stories on its building, making seven in all.
Opened on Thursday, May 19, 1910, the new building of the Second National Bank of Pittsburgh, stood at the corner of Liberty Avenue and Ninth Street. It was built with light gray granite quarried at Hallowell, Maine, with basement and sub-basement of reinforced concrete. The bank occupied the basement, sub-basement, first, second and third floors, with the exception of two offices situated on the third floor. A swift electric elevator was provided for the special use of the bank with other passenger elevators outside in the main corridors. The officers in 1910 were Henry C. Bughman, president; William McConway, vice president; Thomas W. Welsh, Jr., second vice president; James M. Young, cashier; Brown A. Patterson, assistant cashier. Henry C. Bughman was elected president in January 1906 to succeed the late James H. Willock. His father was one of the bank's incorporators and first directors. William McConway, vice president, was president of the McConway & Torley Co., and was in terms of service, the oldest director connected with the bank. Thomas W. Welsh, Jr., entered the bank in 1876, was elected cashier in 1888 and promoted to the second vice presidency October 1, 1904. James M. Young was with the bank for 25 years and was promoted to cashier on October 1, 1904. Brown A. Patterson, also an old employee, was elected assistant cashier in 1904.
On March 15, 1913, the First National and the Second National banks of Pittsburgh were consolidated. The new financial institution took the title of the First-Second National Bank. New officers were elected from the officials of both banks. The president was W.S. Kuhn of the banking firm of J.S. & W.S. Kuhn, Inc., and James M. Young, vice president and cashier of the Second National, will hold the same position in the new Institution. The merger, the most important of banking institutions ever consummated in Pittsburgh, was arranged yesterday, when directors of the First and Second National banks of Pittsburgh, acting separately, approved recommendations of their committees, that the two institutions be consolidated. The capital of the merged bank was $3,400,000, with surplus and undivided profits of $1,900,000, deposits in excess of $31,000,000 and assets of about $37,000,000. The First-Second National will be the second largest national bank In Pittsburgh and will also be one of the great banks of Pennsylvania. As the Immediate result of action taken, the Second National was removed yesterday afternoon to the First National Bank, Building at Fifth Avenue and Wood Street. The consolidation was approved on Friday by Lawrence O. Murray, comptroller of the currency. Credit for the consummation of the project was given to William S. Kuhn, president of the Second National Bank, who was also a long-serving director of the First National. He was a native Pittsburgher. His first position was as a clerk in the First National Bank. Later he and his brother engaged in the construction of water works plants. While there were persistent rumors from time to time that these banks would consolidate, it was only two weeks ago that negotiations were seriously considered. The Second National's splendid banking quarters would not be vacant for long as a new trust and savings institution was planned for opening as soon as the application for a charter was granted and the organization completed. Directors of the First National Bank were John P. Brennen, William F. Benkiser, Francis H. Denny, J. Rogers Flannery, Charles H. Friend, Thomas C. Griggs, James S. Kuhn, W.S. Kuhn, Frank B. Nimick, L.M. Plummer, Eugene S. Reilly, H.F. Richard, W.G. Rock, James R. Sterrett, J.J. Turner, Charles A. Wolfe and Oscar L. Telling. Directors of the Second National Bank were Thomas D. Chantler, W.Y. Humphrles, Edward B. Taylor, W.S. Kuhn, James M. Young, L.L. McClelland. W.C. Fownes, Jr., John A. Beck, William L. Curry, Robert D. Ellwood, William McConway, Frank C. Osborn and Frank S. Willock.
The First-Second Savings and Trust Company announced it was opening on Saturday, May 24, 1913, in the banking rooms formerly occupied by the Second National Bank of Pittsburgh at Liberty Avenue and Ninth Street. The officers were William McConway, president; Frank S. Willock, vice president; Edward E. Duff, vice president and trust officer; B.O. Hill, secretary and treasurer; and A.G. Wells, assistant secretary and treasurer. The directors were John A. Beck, William L. Curry, Edward E. Duff, Robert D. Elwood, Charles H. Friend, William S. Kuhn, L.L. McClelland, William McConway, and L.M. Plumer.
On July 7, 1913, The First-Second National Bank closed its doors by order of the assistant comptroller of the currency. The bank was a recent consolidation of the First and Second National Banks of Pittsburgh and the second largest bank in the city. The First National Bank of McKeesport closed its doors a few minutes after the Pittsburgh institution closed. This was necessary because both banks were Kuhn institutions and a receiver was to be appointed for the American Water Works Company, a $24 million concern. J.S. Kuhn was president of the McKeesport bank and W.S. Kuhn was president of the Pittsburgh bank.
An amount totaling between $155 million and $175 million in bank resources, bonds and stocks of over 40 public utility companies and the finances of a private banking house were involved in the failure of the Kuhns of Pittsburgh through the suspension of the two national banks they controlled and the receiverships for their private banking firms and the great American Water Works and Guarantee Company, one of the most hugely capitalized concerns in the country which the Kuhns controlled. American Water Works and Guarantee Company, the largest company in the country engaged in constructing and operating other water works companies, gas, electric light, heat and power concerns, irrigation plants and electric interurban lines, controlled over 40 such companies whose securities aggregated the sum of $110,718,800 of which $73,128,800 consisted of stocks of the subsidiaries held by the controlling company. The controlling company had capital stock of $10 million common and $10 million 6% preferred. The announcement of the suspension of the big Pittsburgh bank was not a surprise. The history of the bank over the past three years spelled trouble. Lawrence O. Murry, Comptroller of the Currency was offered the presidency of the First National Bank of Pittsburgh. It was then in bad condition and Mr. Murray refused. Oscar L. Telling, an examiner who had been closely associated with Mr. Murry in Treasury accepted the presidency. The affairs of the bank did not improve. Injudicious loans were made. Comptroller Murray nursed the bank along and finally just before leaving office, he approved the merger with the Second National solely as a means of pulling up the condition of the First and making a combined institution sufficiently strong. Oscar Telling ceased to be president after the merger, becoming vice president and then dropped from office on July 15 1912. An engineer said that the irrigation scheme put through by the Kuhns was really responsible for their downfall. The securities of the American Water Works and Guarantee Company had been salable with difficulty. The $10 million preferred stock was listed on the stock exchange, the last sale at $95 recently. There was no bid for the stock on the exchange on July 13th.
Secretary of the Treasury, McAdoo, issued a statement on the closing of the First-Second National Bank of Pittsburgh and the First National Bank of McKeesport. "The acting Comptroller of the Currency took charge of the First-Second National Bank of Pittsburgh today because its directors in a meeting held at Pittsburgh yesterday expressed their inability to make good on an impairment of its capital and decided that the wise thing for all interests was for the acting Comptroller to take the situation in hand. The Pittsburgh Clearing House Association, which has had the matter under consideration for several days, had in the meantime also decided that it was inexpedient to furnish the amount of assistance required to keep the bank going. The general banking situation in Pittsburgh is sound and no further trouble with banks is expected."
On Tuesday, July 15, 1913, The First National Bank of McKeesport which closed its doors as a precautionary measure, resumed business.
In January 1914, bank examiner Owen T. Reeves of Chicago was detailed to make an examination of the First-Second National Bank prior to the reorganization plan being put into effect. On January 8th, He was able to mail his report to the Treasury Department. All that remained before the bank could be reopened was official sanction of the details by the Government and the Pittsburgh Clearing House committee. The bank would reopen under new ownership represented by the former depositors who took over the business from the former stockholders. This action was unprecedented in banking history.
In April 1914, under the reorganization plans, the First-Second National Bank would have capital of $4 million and a surplus of $1 million to be secured by the sale of new stock at $125 a share but with a par value of $100, the extra going to make up the surplus. Over $12 million in bonds were held at the Treasury in Washington. The new officers included Lawrence E. Sands, president; J.B. Finley, chairman of the board; J. Milton Young, cashier; and Clyde C. Taylor, assistant cashier. The directors were John A. Beck, E.R. Crawford, W.L Curry, John A. Donaldson, J. Rogers Flannery, J.B. Finley, Wm. H. Hearne, J.H. Hillman, Jr., D.T. Layman, Jr., A.M. Moreland, P.W. Morgan, Charles H. McKee, Frank B. Nimick, W.H. Ramsey, and Lawrence E. Sands. The Pittsburgh Clearing House Association approved the petition to reinstate the bank, subject to formal approval by the comptroller of the currency.
In November 1914, Oscar L. Telling and Francis H. Richard were indicted for the bank's failure, but the charges were dropped against Telling in 1944 after the trail was lost with his last whereabouts listed as Monte Carlo.
In January 1920, Directors were John A. Beck, Frank F. Brooks, William L. Curry, John A. Donaldson, J. Rogers Flannery, William H. Hearne, J.H. Hillman, Jr., D.T. Layman, Jr., H. Walton Mitchell, A.M. Moreland, P.W. Morgan, William A. Renshaw, and Lawrence E. Sands.
Merger with The Peoples National Bank of Pittsburgh
On September 6, 1921, the Peoples National Bank became part of the First National Bank after being purchased for $3,850,000. The office move took a week and each of the 75 employees of the Peoples National were engaged for similar duties at the First National. The officers after the merger were: Robert Wardrop, Chairman of the Board; Lawrence E. Sands, President; Frank F. Brooks, Vice President; Clyde C. Taylor, Vice President and Cashier; Joseph W. Ward; J. Howard Arthur, Assistant to President; William H. Fawcett, Assistant Cashier; Thomas B. Hudson, Assistant Cashier; John K. McKee, Assistant Cashier; John DeM. Werts, Assistant Cashier; Oscar Wilson, Assistant Cashier; Wm. J. Frank, Manager, Foreign Department; P.W. Dahinden, Assistant Manager, Foreign Department; and J. Paul Ford, Assistant Manager Foreign Department.
The directors were: JOHN A. BECK, President, Big Four Oil & Gas Co. Pittsburgh; Frank F. Brooks, Vice President; HENRY CHALFANT, President Spang, Chalfant & Co., Inc.; W.L. CLAUSE, Chairman, Pittsburgh Plate Class Co.; GEO. W. CRAWFORD, Retired Banker; WM. L. CURRY, Manufacturer, Pittsburgh; JOHN A. DONALDSON, Vice President, Pittsburgh Coal Co.; W.D. GEORGE, Real Estate, Receiver Pittsburgh Railways Co.; Wm. H. Hearne, Director, LaBelle Iron Works, Steubenville, Ohio; J.H. Hillman, Jr., Chairman, Hillman Coal & Coke Co.; B.F. JONE5 III, Jones & Laughlin Steel Co.; D.T. LAYMAN, JR., Henry Phipps Estate; F.H. LLOYD, President, Pittsburgh Dry Goods Co.; A.M. MORELAND, Capitalist; P.W. MORGAN, President, East Pittsburgh National Bank; J. PAINTER, JR. Capitalist, Formerly Iron Manufacturer; WM. A. RENSHAW, John A. Renshaw & Co., Pittsburgh; A.C. ROBINSON, President, Peoples Savings & Trust Co.; Lawrence E. Sands President; ISAAC M. SCOTT, President, Wheeling Steel Corporation; BENJAMIN THAW , Capitalist and Trustee, Thaw Estate; ROBERT WARDROP, Director of Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland and Vice President, Peoples Savings and Trust Company; JOHN M. WILSON Vice President, National Supply Company, Pittsburgh.
In 1946, First National Bank at Pittsburgh (Charter 252) merged with Peoples-Pittsburgh Trust Company – with whom it had worked closely since the 1930s – to form Peoples First National Bank & Trust. In 1959, Peoples First merged with Fidelity Trust Company to form Pittsburgh National Bank. In 1969, the bank reorganized as a holding company, Pittsburgh National Corporation, now PNC Financial.
History of the First National Bank Building on wikipedia.
Official Bank Titles
1: The Second National Bank of Pittsburgh, PA
2: The First-Second National Bank of Pittsburgh, PA (4/21/1913)
3: First National Bank at Pittsburgh, PA (1/18/1918)
Bank Note Types Issued
A total of $94,412,230 in National Bank Notes was issued by this bank between 1864 and 1996. This consisted of a total of 12,837,678 notes (8,829,254 large size and 4,008,424 small size notes).
This bank issued the following Types and Denominations of bank notes:
Series/Type Sheet/Denoms Serial#s Sheet Comments 1: Original Series 4x5 1 - 4400 1: Original Series 4x10 1 - 6125 1: Original Series 50-100 1 - 1630 1: Series 1875 4x5 1 - 1435 1: Series 1875 4x10 1 - 3505 1: Series 1875 50-100 1 - 2132 1: 1882 Brown Back 3x10-20 1 - 4662 1: 1882 Brown Back 50-100 1 - 7178 1: 1902 Red Seal 4x5 1 - 20000 1: 1902 Red Seal 3x10-20 1 - 30000 1: 1902 Red Seal 50-100 1 - 6300 1: 1902 Date Back 4x5 1 - 47990 1: 1902 Date Back 3x10-20 1 - 31000 1: 1902 Date Back 50-100 1 - 1095 2: 1902 Date Back 4x5 1 - 78000 2: 1902 Date Back 3x10-20 1 - 55000 2: 1902 Date Back 3x50-100 1 - 3000 2: 1902 Plain Back 4x5 78001 - 178000 2: 1902 Plain Back 3x10-20 55001 - 117000 3: 1902 Plain Back 4x5 1 - 1000000 3: 1902 Plain Back 4x5 A1 - A251598 3: 1902 Plain Back 3x10-20 1 - 499431 3: 1929 Type 1 6x5 1 - 419400 3: 1929 Type 1 6x10 1 - 86666 3: 1929 Type 1 6x20 1 - 29752 3: 1929 Type 2 5 1 - 668964 3: 1929 Type 2 10 1 - 83439 3: 1929 Type 2 20 1 - 41113
Bank Presidents and Cashiers
Bank Presidents and Cashiers during the National Bank Note Era (1864 - 1996):
Presidents:
- Griswold Eliot Warner, 1864-1870
- George S. Head, 1871-1881
- William Cooper, 1882-1886
- James Hays Willock, 1887-1905
- Henry Clay Bughman, 1906-1911
- William Speer Kuhn, 1912-1912
- Lawrence E. Sands, 1914-1927 NOTE: a featured biography is available.
- Frank Faber Brooks, 1928-1935
Cashiers:
- John E. Patterson, 1864-1864
- Charles Henry Riggs, 1865-1866
- Robert Johnston Stoney Jr., 1867-1872
- James Hays Willock, 1873-1886
- Thomas W. Welsh, Jr. , 1887-1904
- James Milton Young, 1905-1912
- Frank Faber Brooks, 1914-1917
- Clyde Chalmers Taylor, 1918-1932
- J. Howard Arthur, 1933-1935
Other Bank Note Signers
- There are currently no known Vice President or Assistant Cashier bank note signers for this bank.
Wiki Links
- Pennsylvania Bank Note History
- General information on Pittsburgh (Wikipedia)
- General information on Allegheny County (Wikipedia)
- General information on Pennsylvania (Wikipedia)
Sources
- Pittsburgh, PA, on Wikipedia
- Don C. Kelly, National Bank Notes, A Guide with Prices. 6th Edition (Oxford, OH: The Paper Money Institute, 2008).
- Dean Oakes and John Hickman, Standard Catalog of National Bank Notes. 2nd Edition (Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1990).
- Banks & Bankers Historical Database (1782-1935), https://spmc.org/bank-note-history-project
- Picturesque Pittsburgh and Allegheny, Bragdon & Griffin, Pittsburgh, PA (1898).
- The Bankers' Magazine, Vol. 81, July 1910-Dec. 1910, pp 560-566.
- Pittsburgh Daily Post, Pittsburgh, PA, Tue., Mar. 1, 1864.
- Pittsburgh Daily Post, Pittsburgh, PA, Mon., Feb. 27, 1865.
- Pittsburgh and Allegheny County Business Almanac 1867, p. 233.
- Pittsburgh Daily Post, Pittsburgh, PA, Wed., Jan. 14, 1874.
- Pittsburgh Daily Post, Pittsburgh, PA, Wed., Jan. 13, 1886.
- The Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA, Wed., Mar. 1, 1893.
- Pittsburgh Daily Post, Pittsburgh, PA, Tue., May 17, 1910.
- Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Pittsburgh, PA, Sun., Mar. 16, 1913.
- The Daily Notes, Canonsburg, PA, Mon., July 7, 1913.
- The Evening Republican, Meadville, PA, Tue., July 8, 1913.
- The Conneautville Courier, Conneautville, PA, Wed., July 16, 1913.
- The Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA, Fri., Jan. 2, 1914.
- Harrisburg Telegraph, Harrisburg, PA, Thu., Jan. 8, 1914.
- Pittsburgh Daily Post, Pittsburgh, PA, Sun., Jan. 11, 1914.
- Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Pittsburgh, PA, Thu., Apr. 9, 1914.
- Pittsburgh Daily Post, Pittsburgh, PA, Sat., June 27, 1914.
- The Indiana Progress, Indiana, PA, Wed., Nov. 18, 1914.
- The Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA, Tue., Jan. 13, 1920.
- Pittsburgh Daily Post, Pittsburgh, PA, Tue., Sep. 6, 1921.
- The Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA, Sun., May 28, 1944.