Fourth National Bank, Columbus, GA (Charter 4691)

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1930 advertisement for the Fourth National Bank of Columbus, Georgia.[1]

Fourth National Bank, Columbus, GA (Chartered 1892 - Closed (Merger) 2000)

Town History

Columbus is a consolidated city-county located on the west-central border of the U.S. state of Georgia. Columbus lies on the Chattahoochee River directly across from Phenix City, Alabama. It is the county seat of Muscogee County, with which it officially merged in 1970; the original merger excluded Bibb City, which joined in 2000 after dissolving its own city charter.

Columbus is the second most populous city in Georgia (after Atlanta), and fields the state's fourth-largest metropolitan area. At the 2020 U.S. census, Columbus had a population of 206,922, with 328,883 in the Columbus metropolitan statistical area. The metro area joins the nearby Alabama cities of Auburn and Opelika to form the Columbus–Auburn–Opelika combined statistical area, which had a population of 563,967 in 2020.

Columbus lies 100 miles southwest of Atlanta. Fort Moore, the United States Army's Maneuver Center of Excellence and a major employer, is located south of the city in southern Muscogee and Chattahoochee counties. Columbus is home to museums and tourism sites, including the National Infantry Museum, dedicated to the U.S. Army's Infantry Branch.

Founded in 1828 by an act of the Georgia Legislature, Columbus was situated at the beginning of the navigable portion of the Chattahoochee River and on the last stretch of the Federal Road before entering Alabama. The city was named for Christopher Columbus. The plan for the city was drawn up by Dr. Edwin L. DeGraffenried, who placed the town on a bluff overlooking the river. Edward Lloyd Thomas (surveyor) was selected to lay out the town on 1,200 acres. Across the river to the west, where Phenix City, Alabama, is now located, lived several tribes of the Creek and other Georgia and Alabama indigenous peoples.

Nehi (/ˈniːhaɪ/ NEE-hy) is a flavored soft drink that originated in Columbus. It was introduced in 1924 by Chero-Cola/Union Bottle Works and founded by Claud A. Hatcher, a Columbus, Georgia, grocer who began bottling ginger ale and root beer in 1905. The "Nehi Corporation" name was adopted in 1928 after the Nehi fruit-flavored sodas became popular. In 1955, the company changed its name to Royal Crown Company, after the success of its RC Cola brand.

Columbus had four National Banks chartered during the Bank Note Era, the Chattahoochee National Bank (Charter 1630), the National Bank/First National Bank (Charter 2338), the Third National Bank (Charter 3937), and the Fourth National Bank (Charter 4691), and all four of those banks issued National Bank Notes.

Bank History

  • Organized December 5, 1891
  • Chartered January 28, 1892
  • Bank was Open past 1935
  • For Bank History after 1935 see FDIC Bank History website
  • Merged into SunTrust Bank in Atlanta, GA, January 1, 2000

On January 28, 1892, the Fourth National Bank of Columbus, in the City of Columbus, in the County of Muscogee and the State of Georgia, was issued a charter.[2] On February 9th, the bank, located on the corner of Broad and Tenth Streets, began business with capital $150,000.[3][4] At a recent meeting the following officers were elected: T.E. Blanchard, president; E.P. Owsley, cashier. Directors were W.L. Tillman, R.M. Norman, Charlton Battle, G.J. Peacock, J.K. Hinde, A.M. Elledge, F.J. Jenkins, M.W. Kelly and A.B. Daniel.[5] Work on the interior of the bank progressed. The woodwork was old oak that harmonized beautifully with the light, but exceedingly string brass work, forming the enclosures for the clerks to attend to their duties. The floor of the room was of tessellated Georgia marble and the washboards had been replaced with Tennessee marble. The entire center of the room was taken up with a fire- and burglar-proof vault inside of which was a Hall's safe with time lock. The cashier's office was left of the entrance door and the president's office was in the rear beyond which was the directors' room. The whole area was heated with five handsome fireplaces in which an improved system of gas would be used.[6]

On Tuesday, January 8, 1901, at the annual meeting the old directors were re-elected as follows: Louis Hamburger, A.M. Elledge, M.W. Kelly, W.L. Tillman, R.M. Norman, G.J. Peacock, F.J. Jenkins, George O. Berry, C.E. Battle, T.E. Blanchard, and E.P. Owsley.[7]

In Tuesday, January 12, 1915, stockholders elected directors for the ensuing year. Two new directors were named taking the places of John A. Mitchell and F.J. Jenkins, retired. The directors were T.E. Blanchard, J.B. Huff, W.M. Kelly, S.P. Gilbert, E.W. Swift, Sol Loeb, E.P. Owsley, John T. Norman, C.E. Battle, George O. Berry and A.F. Copeland.[8] The directors subsequently met and the old officers were re-elected with the addition of Stewart Fleming who was elected an assistant cashier. The officers were T.E. Blanchard, president; E.P. Owsley, vice president; J.B. Huff, cashier; H.E. Weathers, and Stewart Fleming, assistant cashiers.[9]

On Wednesday, January 9, 1918, a few changes were made in the officers of the Fourth National Bank at a meeting of the directors held at the bank. Captain T.E. Blanchard was re-elected president. H.E. Weathers, who was elected to the board Tuesday to succeed Judge S.P. Gilbert, whose resignation was tendered some time ago owing to the fact that he resides in Atlanta and could not remain in close touch with his duties, was elected to the position of cashier to succeed J.B. Huff, who in turn was elected to succeed E.P. Owsley as vice president. Mr. Owsley resigned his connection in an official capacity, but remained a member of the board of directors. He would make his office in the bank. T.S. Fleming was re-elected to the position of assistant cashier. The board consisted of the following members: T.E. Blanchard, J.B. Huff, M.W. Kelly, E.P. Owsley, John T. Norman, Morris Loeb, Claud A. Hatcher, C.E. Battle, A.F. Copeland, E.W. Swift, and H.E. Weathers.[10]

On Thursday, January 15, 1920, directors met and elected the following officers: T.E. Blanchard, president; H.L. Weathers, vice president; T.S. Fleming, cashier; R.F. Carter, Jr., assistant cashier; and C.E. Battle, attorney. Mr. E.P. Owsley, former vice president, tendered his resignation to the board which was accepted with regret. Mr. Owsley would continue to make his offices at the bank and would act as chairman of the finance committee. Following are the committees appointed by the board: Finance--E.P. Owsley, chairman; O.E. Battle and M.W. Kelly; Examining--Morris Loeb, George P. Swift, and A. Illges.[11] The Fourth National closed the most successful year in its history and had moved into their new quarters on the West side corner of Broad and 12th Streets. The bank declared their usual semi-annual dividend of 4% and carried forward to undivided profits a greater sum than ever before.[12] In December 1920, the Fourth National announced the establishment of a savings department in order to handle any service its patrons desired. The officials of the Fourth would give their personal attention to the new department. The bank known as Blanchard & Booth was established in 1875 by T.E. Blanchard and E.B. Owsley and their associates. The history of this bank included being engaged in the cotton business on an extensive scale.[13]

In September 1921, the directors were T.E. Blanchard, C.E. Battle, A.F. Copeland of Hamilton, Georgia; T.S. Fleming, A. Illges, B.C. Jenkins, M.W. Kelly, Morris Loeb, Lawrence Murray, E.P. Owsley, Geo. P. Swift, H.C. Smith, H.E. Weathers, and J.W. Woodruff. The officers were T.E. Blanchard, president; T.S. Fleming, vice president; and W.R. Luttrell, cashier. The bank had total resources of $1,848,584.33 and was located in the Garrard Building[14] and at Broad and 12th Streets. The capital was $300,000, surplus $100,000 and profits $75,000.[15]

In January 1923, the officers elected were T.E. Blanchard, president; T.S. Fleming, vice president; W.R. Luttrell, cashier; J.T. Anthony, H.G. Higgins, and W.M. Howard, Jr., assistant cashiers. Thomas H. Shanks was elected attorney to the the place of C.E. Battle who died several months earlier.[16]

On Tuesday, January 13, 1925, stockholders elected the following directors: T.E. Blanchard, A.F. Copeland, T.S. Fleming, B.C. Jenkins, T.J. Kelly, Morris Loeb, W.R. Luttrell, Lawrence Murray, E.P. Owsley, Thos. H. Shanks, Geo. P. Swift, H.C. Smith, H.E. Weathers, and J.W. Woodruff. At a subsequent meeting, the directors re-elected officers as follows: T.E. Blanchard, chairman of the board; T.S. Fleming, president; W.R. Luttrell, vice president and cashier; H.G. Higgins and W.M. Howard, assistant cashiers.[17]

On Tuesday, January 12, 1926, stockholders elected the following directors: T.E. Blanchard, A.F. Copeland, T.S. Fleming, T. Jeff Kelly, W.R. Luttrell, Lawrence Murray, E.P. Owsley, Thomas H. Shanks, George P. Swift, H.C. Smith, H.E. Weathers, and J.W. Woodruff. No changes to the slate of officers was envisioned by the directors.[18]

Captain T.E. Blanchard died on June 17, 1927. Thomas E. Blanchard became a lieutenant in the Jackson Avengers and left for Virginia on July 21, 1861. He was with Company B, 37th Georgia before his promotion to captain, joining the staff of General George Washington Custis Lee. Later he was on the staff of General William B. Bate in the Army of Tennessee. He fought in the battles of Missionary Ridge and Chickamauga and was wounded at the battle of Resaca. After the war he became successively president of Blanchard, Booth and Huff Dry Goods Co., the Columbus Gas Light Company, The Columbus Electric ight Co., the Merchant and Planters Line of Steamers, the Muscogee Oil Co., and the firm of Blanchard and Burrus, cotton warehousemen. Founder of the Fourth National Bank in 1892, he served as its president until a few years before his death when he gave up the presidency and acted as Chairman of the Board.

In September 1948, Charles E. Thwaite, Jr., was elected president of the Fourth National Bank of Columbus, succeeding R.C. Dunlap, Jr., who resigned. A native Maconite, Dunlap began his business career with the Trust Company of Georgia in 1935 following his graduation for the University of Georgia and the Harvard Business School. In 1939 he became vice president of the Fourth National and was elected president in 1944. Thwaite had been a member of the board of the Columbus bank as well as a director of other members of the Trust Company of Georgia Associates--the National Exchange Bank of Augusta, the First National Bank and Trust Company in Macon, the First National Bank, Rome, and the Liberty National Bank and Trust Company, Savanah. After service in World War II, he was separated as a colonel and in October 1946 he was named vice president and director of the Trust Company of Georgia Associates and in January 1947, vice president of the Trust Company of Georgia.[19]

Northside branch of the Fourth National Bank advertisement
Advertisement from November 1965 for the Northside branch of the Fourth National Bank, located at the Expressway at 45th Street. The ribbon cutting ceremony was Friday December 3rd at 3:00 P.M.[20]

In November 1962, Stephen B. Steward and C. Douglas Johnston received promotions at the Fourth National Bank. Stewart was named assistant vice president and Johnson assistant cashier.[21] Announcement of the promotions was made by C.W. Curry, president, following a meeting of the bank's board of directors. Stewart was a member of the bank since 1957 and was in the consumer loan department of the Fourth National's main office in downtown Columbus. He was born in Washington, DC and was a 1954 graduate of Davidson (North Carolina) College. Johnston, a native of Hatchechubbee, Alabama, was a graduate of Russell County High in Hurtsboro, Alabama, served two years in the U.S. Navy, and attended Auburn University. He was a graduate of the Chattahoochee Valley Chapter of the American Institute of Banking and started work with the Fourth National in 1958. He also was serving in the consumer loan department in the bank's main office. He was married to the former Alma Thomason of Columbus and had one daughter.[22]

In January 1964, George P. Swift, board chairman, and C.W. Curry, president, said at the bank's annual meeting that net operating earnings after taxes for the year 1963 moved to an all-time high of $348,168 representing earnings of $6.96 per share as compared to $6.54 for the previous year. Dividends of $162,500 were paid representing $3.25 per share as compared to $3 per share in 1962. Rupert A. Triplitt, vice president of Tom Huston Peanut Co., was named to the bank's board of directors. Triplitt, a native of Texas, graduated from Lubbock High School and received his BBA from Texas Technological College in 1941. He first became affiliated with the Tom Huston Peanut Co. in 1939.[23]

SunTrust Bank on the corner of 1st Avenue and 13th Street, Columbus, Georgia. This is the former main office of the Fourth National Bank, later renamed the National Bank and Trust Company. Construction began in August 1954[24], with the fourth and fifth floors added in 1969.[25] Courtesy of Google Maps ca2014

In January 1969, the Fourth National's main office was located at 13th Street and 1st Avenue with 4 branches, the Cross Country Plaza Office on Macon Road; 13th St. Office, 13th Street at 13th Avenue; Northside office, Expressway at 45th Street; and Southside Office, Traffic Circle Shopping Center.[26] The bank announced the promotion of four employees according to Charles S. Daley, president. The bank's directors approved the promotions as follows: Robert W. Garner, vice president; Roger A. Carr, assistant vice president; William M. Pickard, trust officer and Richard J. Lee, assistant trust officer.[27] Earlier, Howell Hollis, chairman of the board announced a stock split subject to the approval of the stockholders at the annual meeting scheduled for March 19th. Net operating earning for 1968 reached a new high of $515,000, or earnings of $10.30 per share as compared to $10.05 per share in 1967. Construction of the fourth and fifth floor addition to the main office was proceeding on schedule.[28]

In June 1969, Howell Hollis, chairman, and Charles S. Daley, president of Fourth National Bank announced new positions for five of its personnel. The promotions approved by the board were Roger A. Carr to vice president, and John M. Eldridge, Patrick H. Holder, C. Douglas Johnston, and Larry K. Miller, all to assistant vice presidents.[29]

Suspects Donald E. Smith (left), Billie R. Holloway, and Bobby J. Harrelson (right) were held under $100,000 bond after the September 4, 1969, robbery of the Northside branch of the Fourth National Bank of Columbus.[30]

Northside branch of the Fourth National Bank 1969 Robbery

On Thursday, September 4, 1969, a nationwide police alert was on for a fourth man involved in a fruitless armed robbery attempt at the Fourth National Bank's Northside branch. His three companions were being held under $100,000 bond on federal charges. The wanted man abandoned his bullet-riddled rental car with a Thompson submachinegun and part of the $107,000 loot north of Columbus and escaped on foot after a shoot-out with police in the parking lot and a seven-mile chase under fire. All the money was recovered. Major M.D. Alligood felled one robber as he left the bank's front door with branch manager Fred Belvin as hostage. Patrolman John Hornsby hit another carrying a pillow case full of money with a bullet in the shoulder as escape was made from the bank's back door. The robber used a sawed-off 12 gauge shotgun and returned fire and was able to throw the money bag into the getaway car whose driver fled west on 43rd Street after he had opened fire on Hornsby and Patrolman Freddy Richardson.[31] The fourth suspect in the robbery was arrested in Birmingham at the home of his mother-in-law. Donald Lee Forrester, a hair stylist from Birmingham was apprehended by FBI agents and was held in Jefferson County jail in lieu of $50,000 bond, and was awaiting transfer to Columbus.[32][33]

On Monday, March 9, 1970, trial for two accused bank robbers began in U.S. District Court. Donald Eugene Smith, 25, of Columbus and Donald Lee Forrester, 35, Birmingham were being tried on charges of the September 4, 1969, robbery of the northside branch of Fourth National Bank of about $108,134 dollars and which resulted in a shoot-out with police. Also charged in the bank robbery were Bobby Joe Harrelson, 26, of Phenix City, and Billy Ralph Holloway, 33, of Columbus who entered pleas of guilty.

Police Major M.D. Alligood was first to answer the robbery alarm which came over police radio after bank employees tripped a switch during the robbery. Alligood parked his car on Holly Avenue near the bank and stepped through the doble front doors and saw a man with a shotgun inside. He stepped back outside and stationed himself to one side. Alligood said Fred Belvin, with a pillowcase in his hand and propelled by Smith with a .38 caliber pistol very close to his back emerged from the bank. Alligood said he fired at Smith and, when Smith was turning toward him, he fired again. Smith dropped his gun and fell to the ground. Smith was not wounded in the shooting. It was reported at the time that one bullet struck a shoulder-holstered revolver Smith was wearing and another bullet when through his coat. Asked by Smith's lawyer, James Finley, if he saw Smith "commit any overt act inside the bank" or "hurt anybody outside the bank," Alligood said he did not. Alligood said he also saw Harrelson in the bank with a shotgun and "saw people against the wall." 

Martha Anderson, a teller at the bank, testified that Holloway came to her window some time between 11 and 11:30 a.m. and asked for change for a $5 bill. When she turned around after reaching for the change, Holloway was pointing a gun at her and said, "this is a hold-up." She said there was an iron bar on the counter. Holloway was in the teller's cage with her "like a flash" as he jumped over the counter, she related to the court. He told everyone to "lay down on the floor," and proceeded to take money from the drawers in her cage and put it into a white pillow case.

C. Douglas Johnston, a bank vice president, testified that he was at his desk when the robbery began and "turned and saw a man with a pistol. I more or less just froze," he said. Belvin said he was on the telephone when Smith said to him, "Mr. Manager, this is a hold-up." "I threw the telephone down without hanging up. "I figured this was it--that he was going to shoot me." Two bank employees present were Willis Radcliff and Janice Mobley, and three customers included James S. Ethridge, Terry Ethridge and Janis Macon.

Joseph McGahee, a customer in the bank at the time of the robbery testified that after he and others had been told to lie down on the floor he heard a gun drop on the floor. Someone behind him told him to grab the gun, which he did, and held it on one of the robbers.[34]

Trial continued the next day with two Columbus police officers pointing out defendant Donald Lee Forrester as the man they saw driving a getaway car during a chase from the robbery scene. Detective A.J. Stubbs pointed out Forrester as the driver of a light blue 1969 four-door Ford auto who met and passed by as Stubbs sped to aid in the chase. Stubbs said he fired one shot at the driver as their vehicles met at about 80 miles an hour in River Road. Police testified regarding a gunbattle at the bank and the getaway car chase and running gun battle with its driver. The vehicle was found abandoned near Britton Drive with two weapons and $17,834 taken from the bank inside. The suspect driver eluded a massive manhunt. Forrester was arrested several days later at the home of his wife's parents in Birmingham and indicted as the fourth bandit. Forrester's court-appointed lawyer, Ernest Britton, said in his opening statement that "there was a fourth man" involved, but that it wasn't Forrester. "He wasn't there," according to Britton. Vice presidents C. Douglas Johnston and B. Fred Belvin testified Smith kneed or kicked Belvin once to expedite Belvin's response to Smith's orders to open the main vault.[35] 

Donald Lee Forrester, 33, of Birmingham and Donald Eugene Smith, 25, of Columbus, were both sentenced  on March 19th to 50 years in prison. Both pleaded not guilty. Also sentenced by Judge Elliott to 40 years in prison were Bobby Joe Harrelson, 27, and Billy Ralph Holloway, 35, of Columbus. Both men pleaded guilty to armed bank robbery and kidnapping charges. Kidnaping charges stemmed from Smith's forcing Fred Belvin from the bank at gunpoint. A notice of appeal was filed by Mrs. Z.L. Forrester on March 25th.[36]

In November 1970, the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the conviction of Donald Lee Forrester as one of four men who carried out the armed robbery of a branch of the Fourth National Bank. All four men also received 10-year sentences for gun law violations which would run concurrently with the longer terms.[37]

National Bank and Trust Company

On Monday, July 1, 1974, phones at the former Fourth National Bank were answered National Bank and Trust Company. "The Fourth National Bank is still here, but the name is gone," according to Charles S. Daley, president of the bank. The application to change the name was recently approved by the comptroller of the currency.[38] Larry O. Rodgers, second vice president of the National Bank and Trust Co. was named manager of the newly-opened Columbus East Office. The official ribbon-cutting ceremony was on September 19th.[39]

On March 31, 1985, the National Bank and Trust Company became Trust Company Bank of Columbus.[40]

1985 advertisement for Trust Company Bank of Columbus
On March 31, 1985, the National Bank and Trust became Trust Company Bank of Columbus.[41]
  • 07/01/1974 Changed Institution Name to The National Bank and Trust Company of Columbus, Ga.
  • 04/01/1985 Changed Institution Name to Trust Company Bank of Columbus, National Association.
  • 08/01/1990 Acquired Trust Company of Troup County (FDIC #19576) in La Grange, GA.
  • 10/06/1995 Changed Institution Name to SunTrust Bank, West Georgia, National Association.
  • 01/01/2000 Merged and became part of SunTrust Bank (FDIC #867) in Atlanta, GA.
  • 12/07/2019 Merged and became part of Branch Banking and Trust Company (FDIC #9846) in Winston Salem, NC.

Official Bank Title

1: The Fourth National Bank of Columbus, GA

Bank Note Types Issued

1882 Brown Back $10 bank note with pen signatures of E.P. Owsley, Cashier and T.E. Blanchard, President. Courtesy of Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com
1902 Plain Back $10 bank note with stamped signatures of W.R. Littrell, Cashier and T.E. Blanchard, President. Courtesy of Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com
1929 Type 2 $20 bank note with printed signatures of W.M. Howard, Cashier and T.S. Fleming, President. Courtesy of Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com

A total of $3,727,950 in National Bank Notes was issued by this bank between 1892 and 1935. This consisted of a total of 289,898 notes (260,798 large size and 29,100 small size notes).

This bank issued the following Types and Denominations of bank notes:

Series/Type Sheet/Denoms Serial#s Sheet Comments
1882 Brown Back 3x10-20 1 - 6800
1882 Brown Back 50-100 1 - 1327
1882 Date Back 3x10-20 1 - 3551
1902 Date Back 3x10-20 1 - 19000
1902 Plain Back 3x10-20 19001 - 54185
1929 Type 2 5 1 - 10912
1929 Type 2 10 1 - 11622
1929 Type 2 20 1 - 6566

Bank Presidents and Cashiers

Bank Presidents and Cashiers during the National Bank Note Era (1892 - 1935):

Presidents:

Cashiers:

Other Known Bank Note Signers

  • No other known bank note signers for this bank

Bank Note History Links

Sources

  • Columbus, GA, on Wikipedia
  • Don C. Kelly, National Bank Notes, A Guide with Prices. 6th Edition (Oxford, OH: The Paper Money Institute, 2008).
  • Dean Oakes and John Hickman, Standard Catalog of National Bank Notes. 2nd Edition (Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1990).
  • Banks & Bankers Historical Database (1782-1935), https://spmc.org/bank-note-history-project
  1. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Sun., Feb. 16, 1930.
  2. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Tue., Feb. 23, 1892.
  3. ↑ The Savannah Morning News, Savannah, GA, Tue., Feb. 9, 1892.
  4. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Thu., Mar. 3, 1892.
  5. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Sun., Feb. 7, 1892.
  6. ↑ Enquirer-Sun, Columbus, GA, Tue., Feb. 9, 1892.
  7. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Wed., Jan. 9, 1901.
  8. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Tue., Jan. 12, 1915.
  9. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Fri., Jan. 15, 1915.
  10. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Thu., Jan. 10, 1918.
  11. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Fri., Jan. 16, 1920.
  12. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Tue., Jan. 6, 1920.
  13. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Thu., Dec. 23, 1920.
  14. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Sun., Sep. 11, 1921.
  15. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Sun., Feb. 6, 1921.
  16. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Thu., Jan. 11, 1923.
  17. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Tue., Jan. 13, 1925.
  18. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Tue., Jan. 12, 1926.
  19. ↑ The Macon News, Macon, GA, Tue., Sep. 7, 1948.
  20. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Tue., Nov. 30, 1965.
  21. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Wed., Nov. 21, 1962.
  22. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Tue., Nov. 20, 1962.
  23. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Wed., Jan. 22, 1964.
  24. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Wed., Aug. 4, 1954.
  25. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Thu., Jan. 16, 1969.
  26. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Mon., Mar. 31, 1969.
  27. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Sat., Jan. 18, 1969.
  28. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Thu., Jan. 16, 1969.
  29. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Sun., June 22, 1969.
  30. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Fri., Sep.5, 1969.
  31. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Fri., Sep.5, 1969.
  32. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Thu., Sep. 25, 1969.
  33. ↑ The Dothan Eagle, Dothan, AL, Thu., Sep. 25, 1969.
  34. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Tue., Mar. 10, 1970.
  35. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Tue., Mar. 10, 1970.
  36. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Wed., Mar. 25, 1970.
  37. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Sat., Nov. 21, 1970.
  38. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Sun., June 30, 1974.
  39. ↑ Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus, GA, Thu., Sep. 12, 1974.
  40. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Sun., Mar. 31, 1985.
  41. ↑ The Columbus Ledger, Columbus, GA, Sun., Mar. 31, 1985.
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