Bank of Charleston NB Association/South Carolina NB, Charleston, SC (Charter 2044)

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Jewelry store at 253 King Street, Charleston, SC, ca2023. This was once the location of the Citizens Bank until 1922 when it became a branch of the Bank of Charleston, National Banking Association
Jewelry store at 253 King Street, Charleston, SC, ca2023. This was once the location of the Citizens Bank until 1922 when it became a branch of the Bank of Charleston, National Banking Association. Courtesy of Google Maps

Bank of Charleston NB Association/South Carolina NB, Charleston, SC (Chartered 1872 - Closed (Merger) 1997)

Town History

A 1921 advertisement for the Bank of Charleston National Banking Association. Officers are shown and may be found in the bank history section on this page.
A 1921 advertisement for the Bank of Charleston National Banking Association.

Charleston is the most populous city in South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston metropolitan area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley, Cooper, and Wando rivers. Charleston had a population of 150,277 at the 2020 census. The 2020 population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties, was 799,636 residents, the third-largest in the state and the 74th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States. In 1860 the population was 40,522 growing to 67,957 by 1920.

Charleston was founded in 1670 as Charles Town, honoring King Charles II, at Albemarle Point on the west bank of the Ashley River (now Charles Towne Landing) but relocated in 1680 to its present site, which became the fifth-largest city in North America within ten years. It remained unincorporated throughout the colonial period; its government was handled directly by a colonial legislature and a governor sent by Parliament. Election districts were organized according to Anglican parishes, and some social services were managed by Anglican wardens and vestries. Charleston adopted its present spelling with its incorporation as a city in 1783. Population growth in the interior of South Carolina influenced the removal of the state government to Columbia in 1788, but Charleston remained among the ten largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census.

The first full battle of the American Civil War occurred on April 12, 1861, when shore batteries under the command of General P.G.T. Beauregard opened fire on the US Army-held Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor. After a 34-hour bombardment, Major Robert Anderson surrendered the fort.

Charleston had eight National Banks chartered during the Bank Note Era, and five of those banks issued National Bank Notes.

Bank History

  • Organized September 4, 1872
  • Chartered September 10, 1872
  • 1: Assumed 12702 by consolidation June 20, 1925 (Exchange NB (No Issue), Charleston, SC)
  • 1: Assumed 12865 by consolidation March 1, 1926 with title change (Norwood-Carolina NB (No Issue), Charleston, SC)
  • 2: Conservatorship March 14, 1933
  • 2: Licensed Aug 19 1933
  • Bank was Open past 1935
  • For Bank History after 1935 see FDIC Bank History website
  • Merged with First NB, Greenville, SC (Charter 1935) December 1957
  • Merged with First National Bank of Camden, SC, May 9, 1958
  • Merged into Wachovia Bank, NA, Winston-Salem, NC, June 1, 1997

Bank of Charleston

The Bank of Charleston was organized when it became apparent in 1834 that the Second Bank of the United States would lose its charter as part of President Andrew Jackson's banking policies. A branch of the Second Bank of the United States, called the Office of Discount and Deposit, operated on Broad Street in Charleston. The Bank of Charleston purchased the assets and local property at auction and was able to open the new bank in the same location with many of the same personnel from the Second Bank of the United States. The bank managed to survive the Civil War and after a period of inactivity, it resumed operation on December 23, 1869. 

In November 1834, a number of commercial men published their intent to establish a bank in Charleston, called the Bank of Charleston, with a capital of $2,000,000, with privileges to increase it to $4,000,000. Application would be made at the present session of the Legislature.[1] In its application, the difficulties with the Bank of the United States for negotiation of both foreign and domestic exchange were described, noting the control over the branch by the mother bank in Philadelphia and the approaching expiration of its charter and the probability of it not being renewed.[2] In December, the bill to incorporate the bank in Charleston was sent to the Senate by unanimous vote.  Messrs. J. Haslett, D. Alexander and K. Boyce were appointed commissioners in Charleston to receive subscriptions; and in Columbia, Messrs. M'Lauchlin and Waddell.[3] On December 23rd, the Act passed by the Legislature for incorporation of the Bank of Charleston was available for sale at the office of A.E. Miller, No. 4, Broad Street.[4] In June 1835, the total subscriptions of shares, $100 par value, were:  Charleston, 810,938; Columbia 63,539; Cheraw, 13,004; Camden, 1,064; and Hamburg, 5,949.[5]  Subscriptions were closed and stockholders met on Wednesday, July 15, at the office of the Fire and Marine Insurance Company.  Gen. Hayne was called to the chair and Edmund Laffan appointed to act as secretary. Among the resolutions adopted was one for a committee to provide a banking house equipped to commence operations immediately after the second Monday in November, the date set for election of directors.[6] On November 9, 1835, the following gentlemen were elected directors of the Bank of Charleston:  James Hamilton, Ker Boyce, H.W. Conner, L.M. Wiley, Henry Gourdin, Edward Laffan, R.Y. Hayne, Joseph Leland, John Fraser, John Lewis, Thaddeus Street, J.L. Pezant, and J.W. Cheesborough.[7] On November 13th, directors elected officers of the Bank of Charleston as follows:  Arthur G. Rose, cashier, salary $2,500; Christopher M'Kinney, and Randal Robinson, tellers, salary $1,600 each; Charles Lining and Robert L. Stewart, bookkeepers, salary $1,400 each; Charles P. Gordon, discount clerk, salary $1,600; Augustus Winthrop, collection clerk, salary $1,100; William G. Rout, out door clerk, salary $1,000; and John R. Gibbes, porter, salary $700 with a dwelling house. J. Hamilton was president.[8][9]

On April 8, 1865, Charles T. Lowndes was elected president of the Bank of Charleston, succeeding the late Mr. Jacob K. Sass.[10][11]

Bank of Charleston National Banking Association

On September 10, 1872, the acting comptroller of the currency, John S. Langworthy, authorized the Bank of Charleston National Banking Association to commence the business of banking.[12] The capital was $600,000. On October 28, 1872, the new currency arrived from Washington and the officers were kept busy applying their signatures thereto.[13]

On the 1st day of March, 1873, Bank of Charleston National Banking Association would consolidate the stock of the Bank of Charleston into that of the present organization on the basis of one share of the latter, par value $100, issued for five whole or 10 half shares of the Bank of Charleston. William B. Burden was cashier.[14]

In June 1902, the South Carolina Bankers' Association was chartered by the state with E.H. Pringle of Charleston, president.[15]

In August 1914, the directors were H.C. Markley, N.C. Poe, L.M. McBee, Chas. McAlister, J.E. Beattie, W.E. Beattie, and Perry Beattie. The officers were J.E. Beattie, president; H.C. Markley and W.E. Beattie, vice presidents; and Perry Beattie, cashier.[16]

In November 1917, the bank, located at 16 Broad Street, advertised capital $500,000, surplus $500,000, undivided profits $150,000 and total resources of $9,000,000. The directors were E.H. Pringle, J.M. Seignious, Walter Pringle, J.R.P. Ravenel, M.V. Haselden, Julian Mitchell, and H. Pearlstine. The officers were E.H. Pringle, president; E.H. Pringle, Jr., vice president; M.W. Wilson, vice president; G.W. Walker, cashier and J.H. Lucas, assistant cashier.[17] 

In August 1918, a charter was granted to the Charleston Trust Company with its principal place of business at or near the United States Navy Yard in the County of Charleston, with a capital stock of $25,000.  The officers were E.H. Pringle, president; E.H. Pringle, Jr., vice president; A.R. LaCoste, secretary and R.S. Small, treasurer.[18]

In 1921, the officers were E.H. Pringle, president; E.H. Pringle, Jr., R.S. Small, and A.R. LaCoste, vice presidents; G.W. Walker, cashier; J.H. Lucas and C.N. Fishburne, assistant cashiers. The bank had capital $1,000,000, surplus and profits $1,000,000, and total resources of $12,000,000.[19]

On August 17, 1922, the directors of the Citizens Bank announced that the Bank of Charleston, National Banking Association had bought the Citizens Bank building on King street, opposite Hasell for a price in excess of $142,000. It was reported on the streets that the Bank of Charleston would open a King Street branch of that bank.[20]

On Wednesday, December 24, 1924, an announcement was made of the proposed merger of the Bank of Charleston, National Banking Associaition and the Exchange Banking and Trust Company, a state instituion. In combination, the resources of the banks exceeded 12,599,000. The Bank of Charleston with $10,000,000 in resources had acquired a controlling interest in the Exchange Bank.[21] The merger would require the Exchange Bank to be converted to a national bank in order to effect the consolidation.

On Wednesday, December 24, 1924, an announcement was made of the proposed merger of the Bank of Charleston, National Banking Association and the Exchange Banking and Trust Company, a state instituion. The Bank of Charleston with resources of more than $10,000,000 had acquired a controlling interest in the Exchange Bank. The merger would require the Exchange Bank to be converted to a national bank in order to effect the consolidation.

In October 1925, A.R. LaCoste, vice president of the Bank of Charleston, N.B.A., was in Columbia completing arrangements for the affiliation of the Carolina National Bank of Columbia with the Bank of Charleston, and the Norwood National Bank of Greenville. The Bank of Charleston had made deposits of approved securities to insure payment to the selling stockholders at the agreed upon price. The Carolina National was sold to the Bank of Charleston on October 7. The affiliation of the three banks formed one of the strongest banking combinations in the southeast. The Carolina National was formed in 1868 and was one of the oldest and strongest banks in South Carolina.[22] 

In December 1926, the Norwood-Carolina Bank of Charleston with branches at Greenville and Columbia was chartered by the secretary of state with capital $200,000 and Robert S. Small, president; A.R. LaCoste, George Norwood, J.M. Bell, and B.M. Edwards, vice presidents; G.W. Walker, secretary and A.L. Riley, cashier.[23]

South Carolina National Bank

In January 1926, at the annual meeting of the Norwood-Carolina National Bank, formerly the Carolina National, was held at Charleston. Robert S. Small, president of the Bank of Charleston, NBA, who headed the banking merger in which his bank, the Carolina National and The Norwood National were included, was named president and the presidents of the former Carolina and Norwood banks, Joseph M. Bell and George Norwood, were named vice presidents as were A.R. LaCoste and B.M. Edwards. G.W. Walker of Charleston was named cashier with the cashier of the former Carolina National, John D. Bell, and the cashier of the Norwood National, Wesley Key, as assistant cashiers. Mr. Small from his office at Charleston said the total deposits of the three as of December were $22,408,000 and the total resources, $27,000,000. A state charter was recently issued to the Norwood-Carolina Bank, but since then the bank had been nationalized.[24] On March 1, 1926, the South Carolina National Bank made up of the combination of the Carolina National of Columbia, the Bank of Charleston, NBA, and the Norwood National of Greenville was granted a charter in Washington.[25]

On Monday, February 14, 1927, The St. Matthews National Bank and the Home Bank of St. Matthews were taken over by the South Carolina National of Columbia, Charleston, and Greenville, and a new institution opened for business in place of the two. The new bank was the South Carolina Savings Bank and it occupied the quarters formerly used by the St. Matthews National. The South Carolina National would place an official in charge but draw the clerical force from that of the two institutions. The St. Matthews National was capitalized at $160,000 and had a surplus of approximately $20,000; J. Skottowe Wannamaker was the president. The Home Bank had capital of $70,000 and surplus of approximately $30,000; Dr. T.H. Dreher was its president. The taking over of the two banks by the South Carolina National resulted after conferences held in St. Matthews covering several days. Attending the conference were B.M. Edwards, vice president of the South Carolina National, and J.J. Robb and T.J. Lyons of the Columbia branch of the bank, and R.S. Small, president, and A.R. LaCoste, vice president, from the Charleston office of the institution.[26]

Statement of Condition at the close of 1931 for the South Carolina National Bank, Greenville Office. Logo with eagle and officers are shown.
Statement of Condition at the close of 1931 for the South Carolina National Bank, Greenville Office.

On February 21, 1931, Robert S. Small, president of the South Carolina National bank died at 10:55 PM at a local Charleston Hospital following his injury that occurred about noon when he was thrown from his automobile on the highway near St. George, en route from Orangeburg to Charleston. S.J. Orrick, a hitch-hiker who was driving the car, was not hurt when the vehicle turned over at least three times. Orrick, who said his home was in Arizona, said he was picked up by Mr. Small as he was hitch-hiking toward Charleston. He said Mr. Small told him he was tired driving and asked him to take over.[27] Although not quite 40 years of age, Mr. Small was one of the most prominent of South Carolina bankers. Beginning work as a bank runner at the age of 15, he became president of the South Carolina National Bank at 32.[28]

B.M. Edwards upon his retirement on December 31, 1957 as chairman of the board of the South Carolina National Bank, Hulon G. Campbell, retiring as vice president of the bank; and W.W. McEachern (right),the new president and chief executive officer.
B.M. Edwards upon his retirement on December 31, 1957 as chairman of the board of the South Carolina National Bank, Hulon G. Campbell, retiring as vice president of the bank; and W.W. McEachern (right),the new president and chief executive officer.
A 1957 advertisement for the South Carolina National Bank, with its main office at 1401 Main Street
A 1957 advertisement for the South Carolina National Bank, with its main office at 1401 Main Street.

On March 3, 1931, directors of the South Carolina National Bank and the Socarnat Bank Corporation elected Julian Mitchell, Charleston banker and attorney, president to succeed the late Robert S. Small. David Huguenin of Charleston was made a director to succeed Mr. Small.[29]

In May 1931, A.R. LaCoste of Charleston arrived in Greenville and took over the duties of vice president of that branch of the South Carolina National Bank, succeeding George Norwood, well-known young businessman of Greenville, who resigned. Mr. Norwood, a son of J.W. Norwood, had been connected with the South Carolina National Bank and its predecessor, the Norwood National Bank, since his return from the military service in 1919.[30]

In February 1957, an announcement was a made in Greenville by President Edwards and President W.W. McEachern of the Greenville bank that the boards of directors of the South Carolina National Bank and of the First National Bank of Greenville had reached an agreement to consolidate the two institutions, the surviving entity to be known as the South Carolina National Bank. Merger would be effected by exchange of stock on a basis of one and three tenths shares of South Carolina National Bank stock for each share of the First National Bank of Greenville stock. Headquarters of the new institution would remain at Columbia with 31 branch offices and resources of $250,000,000. On the dale of the merger if effected Mr. McEachern would become president and chief executive officer while Mr. Edwards would remain as chairman of the board of directors for the remainder of 1957, retiring at the end of the year. Mr. Edwards stated that he had served his institution for four years beyond his retirement date and welcomed the opportunity to relinquish the office of president. Mr. McEachern, who had been president of the First National Bank since 1950, had served as president of the Union Trust Company, St. Petersburg, Florida, and the First National Bank of Fort Lauderdale, Florida. From 1946 to 1950, he served as executive vice president of the Bank of Virginia in Richmond.[31] The South Carolina National Bank had at the end of 1956 total resources of $193,612,616.51 with offices at Anderson, Belton, Charleston, Cheraw, Columbia, Dillon, Florence, Fort Jackson, Georgetown, Greenville, Leesville, Mt. Pleasant Naval Base, Newberry, North Charleston, Pickens, St. Matthews, Seneca, Shaw Air Force Base, and Sumter.[32]

In March 1957, building plans were announced for an additional Columbia downtown branch with the largest area of any banking office in South Carolina. The new branch would be located on Assembly Street between College and Pendleton Streets and would be in addition to the three South Carolina National Bank locations already in Columbia.[33] In November 1957, a new, temporary office opened on Assembly street, located on a site where a permanent branch and state-wide central operations office would be constructed. Thomas C. Vandiver of Columbia, Regional Vice President, made the announcement. B.M. Edwards, Jr., was in charge of the Columbia offices of South Carolina National and the new, temporary branch would be under the supervision of W.L. Ralson, Jr., assistant cashier.[34] 1957.

On Friday, May 2, 1958, stockholders of the South Carolina National Bank and of the First National Bank of Camden voted to merge the two institutions. W.W. McEachern, president of South Carolina National and Lewis L. Clyburn president of the First National Bank jointly made the announcement. The merger would become effect at the close of business on May 9th. South Carolina National would then be operating 36 offices in 22 cities and communities in the state with total resources of $244,433,794.64.[35]

On September 16, 1959, promotion of four officers of the South Carolina National Bank and a title change for three others was announced by W.W. McEachern, president. Thomas C. Vandiver was promoted to head the newly created National Division of the bank which would concentrate its efforts on services to customers whose headquarters were outside South Carolina and those with multiple offices in South Carolina. His new rank was senior vice president. Nolan P. Shuler would succeed Mr. Vandiver as head of Central Region and was a senior vice president. Edward F. Keen, Jr., of Columbia was promoted from staff to a general officer; he would continue in charge of Operations Division with the title of senior vice president and cashier. Lewis Vickers, Jr., of Florence was promoted from staff to general officer as vice president and supervisor of the Pee Dee Region. T.C. Cleveland, Jr., of Greenville, was promoted to senior vice president in charge of Western Region. R.P. Edmunds, Jr., of Charleston was senior vice president, general trust officer, and chief officer of trust departments. John W. Hyde of Charleston was promoted to senior vice president in charge of the Eastern Region.[36] Columbians were invited to inspect the brand new million dollar office and banking building of the South Carolina National Bank on Assembly Street. The open house was timed to commemorate the 125th anniversary of the establishment of the Bank of Charleston in 1834. President McEachern presided over the first meeting of the directors held in the bank's new Assembly Street office and banking house. Directors attending the meeting included: William H. Beattie, Greenville; B.M. Edwards, Columbia; Charles A. Gibson, Greenville; R. Beverly Herbert, Columbia; Francis M. Hipp, Greenville; J.B. Mahoney, Charleston; David Maybank, Charleston; W. Gordon McCabe, Jr., Greenville; Milton A. Pearlstine, Charleston; W.K. Prause, Charleston; F. Dean Rainey, Greenville; Arthur St. J. Simons, Columbia; R.S. Small, Greenville; W.S. Weston, Jr., Columbia; and Arthur M. Williams, Jr., Columbia.[37]

On December 6, 1991, the merger of South Carolina National Corporation as a wholly owned subsidiary of Wachovia Corporation became effective at the beginning of business. The transaction had a market value of approximately $848 million based on the previous day's price on the New York Stock exchange. The board of Wachovia Corp. was expanded to 18 directors with the election of five members from South Carolina National Corp. They were Rufus C. Barkley, Jr., chairman and chief executive officer, The Cameron and Barkley Co., Charleston; Crandall C. Bowles, president, The Springs Co., Lancaster; Lawrence M. Gressette, Jr., chairman and chief executive officer, SCANA Corp., Columbia; W. Hayne Hipp, president, The Liberty Copr., Greenville; and James G. Lindely who also was elected vice chairman of Wachovia Corp.[38]

  • 07/02/1973 Acquired The Bank of Berkeley (FDIC #16813) in Moncks Corner, SC.
  • 06/01/1982 Acquired First Carolina Bank (FDIC #9927) in Yemassee, SC.
  • 10/01/1983 Acquired Bank of Gaffney (FDIC #17391) in Gaffney, SC.
  • 12/01/1984 Acquired First National Bank of South Carolina (FDIC #2101) in Columbia, SC.
  • 05/01/1987 Acquired Bank of Fairfield (FDIC #9926) in Winnsboro, SC.
  • 02/15/1991 Acquired Security Federal Savings, FSB (FDIC #32842) in Columbia, SC.
  • 05/28/1994 Changed Institution Name to Wachovia Bank of South Carolina, National Association.
  • 06/01/1997 Merged and became part of Wachovia Bank, National Association (FDIC #817) in Winston-Salem, NC.

Wachovia Bank, the fourth-largest bank holding company in the United States based on total assets, was acquired by Wells Fargo 2008.

Official Bank Title(s)

1: The Bank of Charleston National Banking Association, Charleston, SC

2: The South Carolina National Bank of Charleston, SC (3/1/1926)

Bank Note Types Issued

1882 Brown Back $20 bank note with printed signatures of M.W. Wilson, Cashier and E.H. Pringle, President
1882 Brown Back $20 bank note with printed signatures of M.W. Wilson, Cashier and E.H. Pringle, President. Courtesy of Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com
1902 Plain Back $5 bank note with printed signatures of George W. Walker, Cashier and R.S. Small, President
1902 Plain Back $5 bank note with printed signatures of George W. Walker, Cashier and R.S. Small, President. Courtesy of Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com
1902 Plain Back $5 bank note with printed signatures of C.N. Fishburne, Cashier and R.S. Small, President.
1902 Plain Back $5 bank note with printed signatures of C.N. Fishburne, Cashier and R.S. Small, President. Courtesy of Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com
1929 Type 1 $5 bank note with printed signatures of A.P. Lyons, Cashier and Julian Mitchell, President
1929 Type 1 $5 bank note with printed signatures of A.P. Lyons, Cashier and Julian Mitchell, President. Courtesy of Heritage Auctions, www.ha.com

A total of $17,457,860 in National Bank Notes was issued by this bank between 1872 and 1935. This consisted of a total of 2,186,804 notes (1,658,622 large size and 528,182 small size notes).

This bank issued the following Types and Denominations of bank notes:

Series/Type Sheet/Denoms Serial#s Sheet Comments
1: Original Series 3x1-2 1 - 3000
1: Original Series 4x5 1 - 8000
1: Original Series 3x10-20 1 - 5241
1: Original Series 50-100 1 - 453
1: Series 1875 4x5 1 - 1550
1: Series 1875 3x10-20 1 - 1496
1: 1882 Brown Back 4x5 1 - 18500
1: 1882 Brown Back 3x10-20 1 - 23660
1: 1882 Date Back 4x5 1 - 18500
1: 1882 Date Back 3x10-20 1 - 10442
1: 1902 Date Back 4x5 1 - 18250
1: 1902 Date Back 3x10-20 1 - 11300
1: 1902 Plain Back 4x5 18251 - 139503
1: 1902 Plain Back 3x10-20 11301 - 93595
2: 1902 Plain Back 4x5 1 - 58837
2: 1902 Plain Back 3x10-20 1 - 32105
2: 1929 Type 1 6x5 1 - 42234
2: 1929 Type 1 6x10 1 - 21636
2: 1929 Type 1 6x20 1 - 5968
2: 1929 Type 2 5 1 - 63884
2: 1929 Type 2 10 1 - 35600
2: 1929 Type 2 20 1 - 9670

Bank Presidents and Cashiers

Bank Presidents and Cashiers during the National Bank Note Era (1872 - 1935):

Presidents:

Cashiers:

Other Known Bank Note Signers

Bank Note History Links

Sources

  1. ↑ The Charleston Daily Courier, Charleston, SC, Wed., Nov. 26, 1834.
  2. ↑ The Charleston Mercury, Charleston, SC, Fri., Nov. 28, 1834.
  3. ↑ The Charleston Daily Courier, Charleston, SC, Mon., Dec. 8, 1834.
  4. ↑ The Charleston Mercury, Charleston, SC, Tue., Dec. 23, 1834.
  5. ↑ The Charleston Daily Courier, Charleston, SC, Sat., June 6, 1835.
  6. ↑ The Charleston Daily Courier, Charleston, SC, Fri., July 17, 1835.
  7. ↑ The Charleston Mercury, Charleston, SC, Tue., Nov. 10, 1835.
  8. ↑ The Charleston Daily Courier, Charleston, SC, Fri., Nov. 13, 1835.
  9. ↑ The Charleston Daily Courier, Charleston, SC, Sat., Nov. 14, 1835.
  10. ↑ The Charleston Daily Courier, Charleston, SC, Tue., Oct. 1, 1867.
  11. ↑ Richmond Times-Dispatch, Richmond, VA, Tue., Mar. 14, 1865.
  12. ↑ The Charleston Daily Courier, Charleston, SC, Fri., Sep. 13, 1872.
  13. ↑ Charleston Daily Courier, Charleston, SC, Tue., Oct. 29, 1872.
  14. ↑ The Daily Phoenix, Columbia, SC, Sun., Feb. 23, 1873.
  15. ↑ The Gaffney Ledger, Gaffney, SC, Fri., June 27, 1902.
  16. ↑ The Greenville News, Greenville, SC, Wed., Aug. 19, 1914.
  17. ↑ The State, Columbia, SC, Mon., Nov. 12, 1917.
  18. ↑ The Columbia Record, Columbia, SC, Sat., Aug. 10, 1918.
  19. ↑ The State, Columbia, SC, Tue., Nov. 15, 1921.
  20. ↑ The Columbia Record, Columbia, SC, Fri., Aug. 18, 1922.
  21. ↑ The Columbia Record, Columbia, SC, Sat., Dec. 27, 1924.
  22. ↑ The Times and Democrat, Orangeburg, SC, Sat., Oct. 17, 1925.
  23. ↑ The Item, Sumter, SC, Wed., Dec. 2, 1925.
  24. ↑ The State, Columbia, SC, Tue., Jan. 12, 1926.
  25. ↑ The Item, Sumter, SC, Mon., Mar. 1, 1926.
  26. ↑ The Columbia Record, Columbia, SC, Mon., Feb. 14, 1927.
  27. ↑ The Herald, Rock Hill, SC, Sat., Feb. 21, 1931.
  28. ↑ The State, Columbia, SC, Sun., Feb. 22, 1931.
  29. ↑ The Herald, Rock Hill, SC, Wed., Mar. 4, 1931.
  30. ↑ The Greenville News, Greenville, SC, Sat., May 2, 1931.
  31. ↑ The State, Columbia, SC, Sat., Feb. 23, 1957.
  32. ↑ The State, Columbia, SC, Thu., Jan. 10, 1957.
  33. ↑ The State, Columbia, SC, Wed., Mar. 20, 1957.
  34. ↑ The State, Columbia, SC, Wed., Nov. 27,
  35. ↑ The State, Columbia, SC, Sat., May 3, 1958.
  36. ↑ Daily Item, Sumter, SC, Wed., Sep. 16, 1959.
  37. ↑ The State, Columbia, SC, Wed., Sep. 16, 1959.
  38. ↑ The Index-Journal, Greenwood, SC, Fri., Dec. 6, 1991.
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