Deseret National Bank/First NB, Salt Lake City, UT (Charter 2059)
Deseret National Bank/First NB, Salt Lake City, UT (Chartered 1872 - Open past 1935)
Town History
Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Utah. It is the seat of Salt Lake County, the most populous county in the state. With a population of 200,133 in 2020, it is the 117th most populous city in the United States. The city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which had a population of 1,257,936 at the 2020 census. Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City–Ogden–Provo Combined Statistical Area, a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along a 120-mile segment of the Wasatch Front, comprising a population of 2,746,164 (as of 2021 estimates), making it the 22nd largest in the nation. It is also the central core and the larger of only two major urban areas located within the Great Basin (the other being Reno, Nevada).
Salt Lake City was founded on July 24, 1847, by early pioneer settlers led by Brigham Young who were seeking to escape persecution they had experienced while living farther east. The Mormon pioneers, as they would come to be known, entered a semi-arid valley and immediately began planning and building an extensive irrigation network which could feed the population and foster future growth. Salt Lake City's street grid system is based on a standard compass grid plan, with the southeast corner of Temple Square (the area containing the Salt Lake Temple in downtown Salt Lake City) serving as the origin of the Salt Lake meridian. Owing to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake, the city was originally named Great Salt Lake City. In 1868, the word "Great" was dropped from the city's name.
The pioneers organized a state called State of Deseret, and petitioned for its recognition in 1849. The United States Congress rebuffed the settlers in 1850 and established the Utah Territory, vastly reducing its size, and designated Fillmore as its capital city. Great Salt Lake City replaced Fillmore as the territorial capital in 1856, and the name later was shortened to Salt Lake City. The city's population continued to swell with an influx of converts to the LDS Church and Gold Rush prospectors, making it one of the most populous cities in the American Old West.
The first group of settlers brought African slaves with them, making Utah the only place in the western United States to have slavery. The settlers also began to purchase Indian slaves in the well-established Indian slave trade, as well as enslaving Indian prisoners of war. In 1850, 26 slaves were counted in Salt Lake County. In 1852, the territorial legislature passed the Act in Relation to Service and the Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners formally legalizing slavery in the territory. On June 19, 1862, during the American Civil War, Congress prohibited slavery in all US territories.
Explorer, ethnologist, and author Richard Francis Burton traveled by coach in the summer of 1860 to document life in Great Salt Lake City. He was granted unprecedented access during his three-week visit, including audiences with Brigham Young and other contemporaries of Joseph Smith. The records of his visit include sketches of early city buildings, a description of local geography and agriculture, commentary on its politics and social order, essays, speeches, and sermons from Young, Isaac Morley, George Washington Bradley and other leaders, and snippets of everyday life such as newspaper clippings and the menu from a high-society ball.
Disputes with the federal government ensued over the church's practice of polygamy. A climax occurred in 1857 when President James Buchanan declared the area in rebellion after Brigham Young refused to step down as governor, beginning the Utah War. A division of the United States Army, commanded by Albert Sidney Johnston, later a general in the army of the Confederate States of America, marched through the city and found it had been evacuated. They continued their march through the deserted city to vacant land at the southwest corner of the valley. There they set up Camp Floyd (40 miles south of the city). Another military installation, Fort Douglas, was established in 1862 to maintain Union allegiance during the American Civil War. Many area leaders were incarcerated at the territorial prison in Sugar House in the 1880s for violation of anti-polygamy laws. The church began its eventual abandonment of polygamy in 1890, releasing "The Manifesto", which officially suggested members obey the law of the land (which was equivalent to forbidding new polygamous marriages inside the US and its territories, but not in church member settlements in Canada and Mexico). This paved the way for statehood in 1896, when Salt Lake City became the state capital.
The First Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869 at Promontory Summit on the north side of the Great Salt Lake. Salt Lake City has developed a strong tourist industry based primarily on skiing, outdoor recreation, and religious tourism. It hosted the 2002 Winter Olympics. At that time, Salt Lake City was the most populated area to hold a Winter Olympic Games.
Salt Lake City had 11 National Banks chartered during the Bank Note Era, and all 11 of those banks issued National Bank Notes.
Bank History
- Organized October 11, 1872
- Chartered October 21, 1872
- 1: Succeeded Hooper, Eldridge & Co.
- 1: Assumed 9652 by consolidation April 5, 1932 with title change and assumed its circulation (National Copper Bank/Security NB, Salt Lake City, UT)
- Bank was Open past 1935
On Wednesday, August 30, 1871, the Bank of Deseret Company was incorporated to carry on the business of banking in Salt Lake City with the following officers: Brigham Young, president; Horace S. Eldredge, vice president; Lewis S. Hills, cashier. The directors were Brigham Young, Horace S. Eldredge, Wm. H. Hooper, William Jennings, John Sharp, Feramorz Little, and Lewis S. Hills. The new bank succeeded the late firm of Hooper, Eldredge & Co. in the same building, the business of the later having been turned over to it.[1]
In August 1872, Brigham Young, the Hon. W.H. Hooper and others obtained from the comptroller of the currency permission to organize the Deseret National Bank in Salt Lake City, Utah, with a capital of $100,000. The Deseret Bank in operation there would be merged with the National Bank.[2] The Deseret National Bank was authorized to commence business, capital $200,000, and Brigham Young president.[3]
In October 1872, the Bank of Deseret, Salt Lake City, organized a savings department with L.S. Hills as cashier. The Bank of Deseret was the successor to Hooper, Eldredge & Co., located on the Corner of East Temple and First South Streets, with capital of $125,000. The directors were Brigham Young, president; H.S. Eldredge, vice president; Wm. H. Hooper, Wm. Jennings, John Sharp, Feramorz Little and L.S. Hills, cashier.[4]
On Saturday evening, October 26, 1872, Lewis S. Hills, Esq., returned from the East after an absence of six weeks during which time he visited Washington and New York for the purpose of obtaining a bank charter and deposited U.S. bonds with the treasurer of the U.S. The bank would receive its circulation next month. The affairs of the Bank of Deseret would be immediately would up and the Deseret National Bank would commence business on the first of November.[5]
In February 1873, the directors were Brigham Young, president; H.S. Eldredge, vice president, Wm. H. Hooper, Wm. Jennings, John Sharp, J.T. Little, and L.S. Hills, cashier. The bank advertised it would deal in exchange, coin, gold dust, college scrip, etc. and interest was paid on savings' deposits.[6] In April 1873, William H. Hooper succeeded Brigham Young as president.[7]
In January 1875, the directors were Wm. H. Hooper, president; H.S. Eldredge, vice president, Brigham Young, Wm. Jennings, John Sharp, Feramorz Little, and L.S. Hills, cashier. The bank had paid up capital $200,000 and authorized capital $1,000,000.[8]
In January 1887, the directors were H.S. Eldredge, president; Feramorz Little, vice president, John Sharp, Wm. W. Riter, J.A. Groesbeck, L.S. Hills, cashier, and Jas. T. Little, assistant cashier. The bank had paid up capital $200,000 and surplus $200,000.[9]
On Tuesday, January 13, 1914, stockholders re-elected to old board of directors as follows: L.S. Hills, chairman, John R. Barnes, M.S. Browning, John C. Cutler, Joseph J. Daynes, Jr., Edw. E. Jenkins, Francis M. Lyman, R.D. Millet, William H. McIntyre, C.W. Nible, W.W. Riter, George Romney, Edward Rosenbaum, W.S. Romney, Reed Smoot, John C. Sharp, L.N. Stohl, and H.G. Whitney.[10]
In June 1917, the A. Campbell Co. applied for a permit from the city commission to fence all that part of the street occupied by the Deseret National Bank building and some of the buildings to the north. Within the year, the northeast corner of Main and First South Streets would be adorned with a new 14-story building. The old Deseret National Bank was the first of the national banks in Utah. Just north of where the bank stood, the first issue of the Salt Lake Herald was published in June 1870 with E.L. Sloan as editor. The old bank building was associated with many memories. That of the old Utah Central, when John Sharp was president and general manager. To this office came many a day T.R. Ellerbeck, the father of the gas system in Utah. The first telephone exchange in Utah was established in this building. The exchange was on the third floor. One of the oldest practicing attorneys in Utah would be forced to leave an office that he occupied for over thirty years. While his office had moved over the three decades, he was but a few feet away from where he started. Judge Le Grande Young had an office in the bank or in the old buildings which stood just east of the bank for nearly forty years. W.W. Riter, then president of the Deseret Savings Bank, lived on the corner of Fourth South and Third east thirty years ago. Perhaps there was no building in Salt Lake then standing with the possible exceptions of the Lion and Beehive houses that could recall so many memories as that of the Deseret National Bank building.[11] On November 3rd one of the largest building permits of Salt Lake's recent history was issue for the construction of the Deseret National Bank building. The 14-story building would cost $500,000, and have 180 offices. The bank would occupy the main and mezzanine floors. The cost of the permit was $235. Construction by the Campbell Building Co. was progressing as fast as wartime conditions would permit.[12]
The following table shows the results of the published statements of the 13 Salt Lake City banks as of December 31, 1917:[13]
| Bank | Capital | Surplus and
Undivided Profits |
Resources |
|---|---|---|---|
| Continental National Bank | 250,000 | 83,944.56 | 4,946,247.78 |
| Deseret Saving Bank | 100,000 | 844,839.38 | 4,422,386.93 |
| Deseret National Bank | 500,000 | 640,963.83 | 6,148,442.96 |
| Farmers & Stockgrowers' Bank | 300,000 | 54,111.27 | 1,200,950.55 |
| Merchants' Bank | 250,000 | 77,275.49 | 2,280,341.85 |
| McCornick & Co., Bankers | 600,000 | 336,057.76 | 11,418,869.17 |
| National Bank of the Republic | 300,000 | 334,511.18 | 8,396,618.54 |
| National City Bank | 250,000 | 58,214.71 | 4,004,523.41 |
| National Copper Bank | 300,000 | 78,176.87 | 5,301,682.93 |
| Utah Savings & Trust Company | 300,000 | 70,916.87 | 1,889,341.99 |
| Utah State National Bank | 600,000 | 137,855.96 | 7,552,212.65 |
| Walker Bros. Bankers | 500,000 | 137,590.64 | 8,661,805.06 |
| Zion's Savings Bank & Trust Company | 500,000 | 283,895.29 | 8,113,638.78 |
| Totals | 4,750,000 | 3,138,353.81 | 74,337,062.60 |
On Tuesday, January 8, 1918, the directors re-elected were John R. Barnes, M.S. Browning, John C. Cutler, Joseph J. Daynes, Jr., Edgar S. Hills, Edward E. Jenkins, William H. McIntyre, W.W. Riter, George Romney, Edward Rosenbaum, W.S. Romney, Reed Smoot, Leon Sweet, John C. Sharp, David A. Smith, L.N. Stohl, and H.G. Whitney.[14] On February 3, 1918, Daniel Smith, a veteran bricklayer and a pioneer builder of Utah, retired. When he was 20 years old, he came from England to the United States and built up a business in Utah. The Deseret Bank building, recently torn down, was one of the business buildings he constructed in the early days.[15]
In January 1919, the Salt Lake branch of the Federal Reserve Bank was moving from 160 Main Street, its location since April last, to the second and third floors of the new Deseret Bank building.[16] In November 1919, the public was invited to see the Deseret National Bank and the Deseret Savings Bank. The bank had combined assets of over $14 million. The directors were Reed Smoot, U.S. Senator; George Sutherland, former U.S. Senator; George Romney, vice president, Utah Home Fire Insurance Co.; Leon Sweet, president, Sweet Candy Co.; John C. Sharp, capitalist; Wm. H. McIntyre, stockgrower and capitalist; Wm. W. Riter, president, Deseret Savings Bank; H.G. Whitney, business manager, Deseret News; Edward Rosenbaum, president, Rosenbaum Bros.; W.S. Romney, Treasurer, Z.C.M.I.; David A. Smith, executive committee, Utah Hotel Co.; M.S. Browning, president, Browning Auto Co.; Edward E. Jenkins, Pres. Ashton Jenkins Co.; Edward L. Burton, stock broker; Anthony W. Ivins, capitalist; Joseph J. Daynes, Pres. Daynes-Beebe Music Co.; John G.M. Barnes, vice president, Davis & Weber Co., Canal Co.; James A. Eldredge, president, Bountiful State Bank; Edgars S. Hills, treas., Utah Home Fire Ins. Co.; Jas. A. Melville, pres. Delta State Bank; Jas. L. Wrathall, director, Con. Wagon & Mach. Co.; Henry M. Dinwoodey, president, Dimwoodey Furniture Co.; John C. Cutler, president, Deseret National Bank; Wm. F. James, capitalist; Elias A. Smith, cashier, Deseret Savings Bank; and Geo. O. Relf, Manager, Utah Hotel Co.[17]
In January 1932, the directors were Senator Reed Smoot, W.D. Jenkins, W.S. Romney, Leon Sweet, Edgar S. Hills, David A. Smith, James L. Wrathall, John G.M. Barnes, H.M. Dinwoody, Orson D. Romney, W.F. Armstrong, James A. Eldredge, H.H. Rolapp, William H. McIntyre, V.R. Madsen, E.P. Ellison, and J.O. Elton. The directors met on February 2 to elect officers.[18] The officers elected for 1932 were Edgar S. Hills, president; Edward E. Jenkins and William F. Armstrong, vice presidents; Royal C. Barnes, cashier; and L.G. Young, assistant cashier.[19]
In January 1932, the Security National Bank had the following Board of Directors: W.W. Armstrong, chairman of the board; E.G. Bennett, vice president, First Security Corp.; J.W. Clyde, president, Bank of Heber City; M.S. Eccles, president, First Security Corp. and president, Utah Construction Co.; George S. Eccles, vice president, First National Bank, Ogden; George H. Dern, Governor of Utah; A.C. Ellis, Jr., general counsel, Columbia Steel Corp., Silver King Coalition Mines Co., and Utah Copper Co.; S.P. Harter, vice president, Sego Milk Products Co.; A.E. Kimball, president, Utah Fire Clay Co.; Duncan MacVichie, consulting mining engineer; D.D. Moffat, vice president, general manager, Utah Copper Co.; Imer Pett, Ross Beason Co.; W.R. Phibbs, general manager, Columbia Steel Corp.; Joseph H. Rayburn, Teton Investment Co. and vice president, First Security Trust Co.; Fred E. Smith, president, First Security Trust Co.; Charles L. Smith, president, Security National Bank; Jesse N. Smith, president, United Grocery Co.; and Howard J. Stoddard, vice president, Security National Bank. The officers were Charles L. Smith, president; Howard J. Stoddard, vice president; Ray C. Wilson and Stewart Cosgriff, assistant vice presidents; H.A. Culverwell, cashier; and Leroi B. Gardner, assistant cashier.[20]
Late on February 14, 1932, an announcement was made of the closing of the Deseret Savings Bank simultaneously with the taking over of the Deseret National Bank by the Security National Bank. W.H. Hadlock, state bank commissioner, said depreciation of assets and heavy withdrawals caused the savings bank directors to close. The bank had deposits of $6,150,000 and resources of $6,900,000.[21] Effective February 15, the Deseret National Bank became a member bank of the First Security Corporation System, largest intermountain banking organization, its affairs having been taken over by the Security National Bank. Marriner S. Eccles was president of First Security Corporation. The capital structure of Security National after the consolidation was: capital $750,000, surplus $250,000, undivided profits and reserves $250,000. Savings deposits of the Deseret Savings Bank were not taken over by Security National. Deposits of the Deseret National Bank consisted only of checking accounts.[22] All assets of the Deseret National were moved Sunday night to the Security National Bank at Main Street and Exchange Place and business was conducted throughout Monday without interruption. Securities National planned to remodel the quarters of the Deseret National bank at First South and Main Street and move the merged institution into that building. The Security National Bank was organized in 1910 under the title of National Copper Bank. First Security Corp. operated banks throughout Utah, Idaho and Wyoming.[23]
In March 1932, officers of the Deseret National added to Security National were Royal C. Barnes, assistant vice president; L.G. Young, assistant cashier. H.B. Whitney was the trust officer. The new directors were Messrs. W.F. Armstrong, president, Standard Furniture Co.; James O. Elton, Hills, manager, International Smelting Co.; Henry Dinwoodey, president, H. Dinwoodey Furniture Co.; Edward E. Jenkins, president, Ashton-Jenkins Co.; William H. McIntyre, president William H. McIntyre Co.; V.R. Madsen, vice president and manager, Western Loan and Building Co., and president P.W. Madsen Furniture Co.; Orson D. Romney, president and manager, Romney Lumber Co. and W.S. Romney, treasurer, Zion's Cooperative Mercantile Institution (Z.C.M.I.).[24] Effective March 7th, Security National Bank re-located to its new home at Main and First South Streets. All business formerly handled at Main and Exchange Place would be handled at the bank's new quarters.[25] On Monday, April 4th, the new name of The First National Bank of Salt Lake City, became effective.[26]
On Tuesday, January 8, 1935, one additional director was named, E.G. Bennett. He resigned the previous year when he was made director of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Mr. Bennett was also president of the First Security Corporation. Other directors, all re-elected, were Charles L. Smith, M.A. Browning, C.I. Canfield, George S. Eccles, A.C. Ellis, Jr., James O. Elton, S.P. Harter, Edgar S. Hills, W.H. McIntyre, Duncan MacVichie, V.R. Madsen, D.D. Moffat, W.J. O'Connor, Orson D. Romney, Fred E. Smith, and Jesse N. Smith.[27] Directors met on Thursday, January 10th, and re-elected Charles L. Smith as president. The other officers were E.G. Bennett, George S. Eccles, R.C. Wilson, and Stewart Cosgriff, vice presidents; H.A. Culverwell, cashier; L.G. Young and L.A. Hillam, assistant cashiers; O.W. Kasteller, manager of the Sugarhouse branch; and Herman Pendersen, manager of the Tooele branch.[28]
On Monday, March 22, 1948, a plan to consolidate all First Security Corp. banking activities in Utah to form the largest bank in the state was announced. The consolidation would bring together the First National Bank of Salt Lake City, the First Security Bank of Utah and the banking activities of the First Security Trust Co. in Salt Lake City under the name "First Security Bank of Utah, National Association." The consolidated bank would have in excess of $8 million capital and $125 million deposits, making it the largest bank in the state. With its affiliate, the First Security Bank of Idaho, it would be the largest banking operation in the northwest group of states between the Missouri River and the Pacific Coast. The plan was announced jointly by George S. Eccles, Ogden president of the First Security Corp. and First Security Bank of Utah; Fred E. Smith, president, First Security Trust Co.; and Charles L. Smith, president of the First National Bank of Salt Lake City. Stockholders would vote on the plan at a special meeting on April 26th with the consolidation to become effective May 1st.[29]
In January 1955, Charles L. Smith, leader in Utah banking and civic circles, retired as chairman of the board of First Security Bank of Utah, N.A. George S. Eccles, president of the bank and the parent First Security Corp., said that Mr. Smith would remain as a director, a position he held since 1931. Mr. Smith, a native of Franklin, Pennsylvania, graduated from Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa., before coming to Utah in 1907 as a miner. He was superintendent of the King David Mining Co. and the Indian Queen Mining Co. in Beaver County and later served as mine foreman at the Ray consolidated Copper Co., Ray, Arizona. With his brother, Fred E. Smith, the organized the financial house of Smith & Sons, Salt Lake City in 1911. Later the firm was incorporated as the Central Trust Co. in 1918 with Mr. Charles L. Smith as vice president. He became associated with the First Securities system in 19xx when the Central Trust Co. was consolidated with Bankers Trust Co. under the name of First Security Trust Co. Mr. Smith later was president of the National Copper Bank and its successor, Security National Bank. In 1948, the institution was consolidated with the First Security Bank of Utah, N.A., at which time Mr. Smith became chairman of the board. For six years, Mr. Smith was a director of the Salt Lake Branch, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. He also served as a president of the Salt Lake City Clearing House Association. Mr. and Mrs. Smith had two children, Mrs. Don M. Curtis, South Pasadena, California, and Raymond M. Smith, a vice president of the First Security Bank of Utah, N.A.[30]
Official Bank Titles
1: The Deseret National Bank of Salt Lake City, UT
2: The First National Bank of Salt Lake City, UT (4/5/1932)
Bank Note Types Issued
A total of $11,094,180 in National Bank Notes was issued by this bank between 1872 and 1935. This consisted of a total of 1,224,494 notes (948,828 large size and 275,666 small size notes).
This bank issued the following Types and Denominations of bank notes:
Series/Type Sheet/Denoms Serial#s Sheet Comments 1: Original Series 3x1-2 1 - 1000 Territory 1: Original Series 4x5 1 - 1000 Territory 1: Original Series 3x10-20 1 - 1100 Territory 1: Original Series 50-100 1 - 800 Territory 1: Series 1875 4x5 1 - 275 Territory 1: Series 1875 3x10-20 1 - 1250 Territory 1: Series 1875 50-100 1 - 2569 Territory 1: 1882 Brown Back 3x10-20 1 - 5000 Territory 1: 1882 Brown Back 50-100 1 - 1700 Territory 1: 1882 Brown Back 4x5 1 - 21300 1: 1882 Brown Back 3x10-20 5001 - 23680 1: 1882 Brown Back 50-100 1701 - 2200 1: 1882 Date Back 4x5 1 - 18432 1: 1882 Date Back 3x10-20 1 - 10927 1: 1882 Date Back 50-100 1 - 73 1: 1902 Date Back 4x5 1 - 13750 1: 1902 Date Back 3x10-20 1 - 11000 1: 1902 Plain Back 4x5 13751 - 79275 1: 1902 Plain Back 3x10-20 11001 - 76147 1: 1929 Type 1 6x5 1 - 16570 1: 1929 Type 1 6x10 1 - 8502 1: 1929 Type 1 6x20 1 - 2310 2: 1929 Type 1 6x5 1 - 3094 2: 1929 Type 1 6x10 1 - 2576 2: 1929 Type 1 6x20 1 - 630 2: 1929 Type 2 5 1 - 46618 2: 1929 Type 2 10 1 - 19757 2: 1929 Type 2 20 1 - 7199
Bank Presidents and Cashiers
Bank Presidents and Cashiers during the National Bank Note Era (1872 - 1935):
Presidents:
- Brigham Young, 1873-1873
- William Henry Hooper, 1873-1882
- Horace Sunderlin Eldredge, 1883-1888
- Bishop John Sharp, 1889-1891
- Lewis Samuel Hills, 1892-1910
- John Christopher Cutler, 1911-1927
- Edgar Samuel Hills, 1928-1931
- Charles Lavens Smith, 1932-1935
Cashiers:
- Lewis Samuel Hills, 1873-1891
- Hyrum Smith Young, 1892-1924
- Edgar Samuel Hills, 1925-1927
- Royal Charles Barnes, 1928-1931
- Harold Autton Culverwell, 1932-1935
Other Known Bank Note Signers
- No other known bank note signers for this bank
Bank Note History Links
- Deseret National Bank/First NB, Salt Lake City, UT History (NB Lookup)
- Utah Bank Note History (BNH Wiki)
Sources
- Salt Lake City, UT, on Wikipedia
- Don C. Kelly, National Bank Notes, A Guide with Prices. 6th Edition (Oxford, OH: The Paper Money Institute, 2008).
- Dean Oakes and John Hickman, Standard Catalog of National Bank Notes. 2nd Edition (Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1990).
- Banks & Bankers Historical Database (1782-1935), https://spmc.org/bank-note-history-project
- ↑ The Salt Lake Daily Review, Salt Lake City, UT, Fri., Sep. 1, 1871.
- ↑ Deseret News, Salt Lake City, UT, Fri., Aug. 23, 1872.
- ↑ The Boston Globe, Boston, MA, Tue., Oct. 22, 1872.
- ↑ Deseret News, Salt Lake City, UT, Mon., Oct. 14, 1872.
- ↑ The Deseret News, Salt Lake City, UT, Wed., Nov. 6, 1872.
- ↑ Deseret News, Salt Lake City, UT, Mon., Feb. 17, 1873.
- ↑ Bankers' Magazine, Vol. 27, Jan. 1873-June 1873, p. 915.
- ↑ Deseret News, Salt Lake City, UT, Sat., Jan. 9, 1875.
- ↑ Salt Lake Evening Democrat, Salt Lake City, UT, Sat., Jan. 20, 1887.
- ↑ Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Salt Lake City, UT, Wed., Jan. 14, 1914.
- ↑ Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Salt Lake City, UT, Tue., June 19, 1917.
- ↑ Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Salt Lake City, UT, Sun., Nov. 4, 1917.
- ↑ Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Salt Lake City, UT, Sun., Jan. 27, 1918.
- ↑ The Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Salt Lake City, UT, Wed., Jan. 9, 1918.
- ↑ The Salt Lake Herald-Republican, Salt Lake City, UT, Mon., Feb. 4, 1918.
- ↑ Deseret News, Salt Lake City, UT, Mon., Jan. 20, 1919.
- ↑ Deseret News, Salt Lake City, UT, Tue., Nov. 4, 1919.
- ↑ Salt Lake Telegram, Salt Lake City, UT, Tue., Jan. 12, 1932.
- ↑ The Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake City, UT, Thu., Feb. 4, 1932.
- ↑ The Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake City, UT, Sat., Jan. 9, 1932.
- ↑ The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Brooklyn, NY, Mon., Feb. 15, 1932.
- ↑ The Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake City, UT, Mon., Feb. 15, 1932.
- ↑ Deseret News, Salt Lake City, UT, Mon., Feb. 15, 1932.
- ↑ The Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake City, UT, Fri., Mar. 4, 1932.
- ↑ The Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake City, UT, Sat., Mar. 5, 1932.
- ↑ Salt Lake Telegram, Salt Lake City, UT, Mon., Apr. 4, 1932.
- ↑ The Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake City, UT, Wed., Jan. 9, 1935.
- ↑ The Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake City, UT, Sat., Jan. 12, 1935.
- ↑ The Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake City, UT, Tue., Mar. 23, 1948.
- ↑ The Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake City, UT, Sun., Jan. 16, 1955.